Retina and Uvea Treatment

Age-related macular degeneration is a progressive retinal disorder affecting the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp vision and fine detail recognition. AMD commonly affects older adults and may interfere with reading, driving, and facial recognition. The presence of multiple yellow deposits (drusen) clustered around the macula and changes concentrated in the central retina (macular region) denotes it.

Wet AMD may progress rapidly and often requires urgent retina treatment using retinal injections and advanced retina care.

Symptoms of Macular Degeneration:

• Distorted or wavy vision
• Blurred central vision
• Difficulty recognising faces
• Dark spots in central vision
• Reduced colour contrast

Regular retina check-ups and advanced retinal imaging performed at Centre For Sight helps diagnose macular degeneration early and preserve central vision through timely treatment.

Retinal detachment is a serious retinal emergency that occurs when the retina separates from the back wall of the eye. Retinal detachment may develop due to retinal tears, eye trauma, severe myopia, diabetic retinal disease, or ageing-related vitreous changes.

Warning Signs of Retinal Detachment

• Sudden flashes of light
• Sudden increase in floaters
• Curtain-like shadow over vision
• Peripheral vision loss
• Sudden blurred vision

There are 3 main types of retinal detachment, each requiring different treatment approaches:

• Rhegmatogenous Detachment: The most common type, caused by a small tear in the retina that allows fluid to accumulate beneath it.
• Tractional Detachment: Scar tissue forms on the retinal surface and pulls the retina away from the underlying tissue.
• Exudative Detachment: Occurs when fluid accumulates beneath the retina without any tears, often due to inflammation or leakage from blood vessels.

Retinal vein occlusion occurs when a retinal vein becomes blocked, reducing blood flow and causing retinal swelling, retinal haemorrhage, and blurred vision. It is commonly associated with diabetes, hypertension, vascular disease, and ageing.

If left untreated, retinal vein occlusion may lead to macular edema and progressive retinal damage.

Symptoms of Retinal Vein Occlusion

• Sudden blurred vision
• Distorted central vision
• Retinal swelling
• Sudless painless vision loss
• Reduced visual clarity

Advanced retina treatment such as retinal injections, retinal laser therapy, and long-term retinal monitoring by a retina eye specialist help manage retinal vein occlusion effectively.

Macular edema refers to swelling in the macula caused by leakage of retinal blood vessels. It commonly develops due to diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinal inflammation, and other retinal vascular disorders.

The condition affects central vision and may gradually reduce visual sharpness and reading ability.

Symptoms of Macular Edema

• Blurred central vision
• Distorted images
• Difficulty reading
• Reduced visual sharpness
• Faded colour vision

Early retina treatment with retinal injections and specialised retina care helps control retinal swelling and preserve long-term vision.

Choroiditis is an inflammatory condition affecting the choroid layer beneath the retina. The disease may develop due to infections, autoimmune conditions, or inflammatory disorders and can affect retinal circulation and retinal function.

Symptoms of Choroiditis

• Blurred vision
• Floaters
• Distorted vision
• Eye discomfort
• Light sensitivity

Advanced retina imaging and specialised retina care help diagnose choroiditis early and reduce the risk of retinal scarring and vision complications.

Posterior uveitis affects the back portion of the eye, involving the retina and choroid. This condition can severely affect retinal tissues and may cause retinal swelling, retinal inflammation, and progressive visual loss.

Symptoms of Posterior Uveitis

• Reduced central vision
• Floaters
• Retinal inflammation
• Blurred vision
• Distorted visual clarity

Long-term retina treatment and monitoring by a uveitis specialist are important for controlling inflammation and protecting retinal function

Intermediate uveitis mainly affects the vitreous and peripheral retina and is often associated with autoimmune conditions. The disease may gradually affect visual clarity and lead to persistent floaters and retinal inflammation

Symptoms of Intermediate Uveitis

• Floaters
• Blurred vision
• Mild eye discomfort
• Reduced visual clarity

Routine retina examinations and retinal imaging help monitor inflammation and prevent retinal complications.

Anterior uveitis, also called iritis, affects the front portion of the uvea involving the iris. It is one of the most common forms of uveitis and may occur suddenly with redness, eye pain, and sensitivity to light.

Symptoms of Anterior Uveitis

• Red eyes
• Eye pain
• Light sensitivity
• Blurred vision
• Headache around the eyes

Early treatment by a uveitis specialist helps control inflammation and reduce the risk of recurrent eye disease and retinal complications.

Intravitreal retinal injections are advanced medical retina treatments used for retinal swelling, diabetic macular edema, wet age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, and inflammation-related retinal disorders. The medication is carefully injected into the eye to reduce fluid accumulation, retinal inflammation, and abnormal retinal blood vessel growth.

Retinal injections are performed under sterile conditions at a retina eye care centre and usually take only a few minutes.

Conditions Treated with Retinal Injections:

• Diabetic macular edema
• Wet macular degeneration
• Retinal vein occlusion
• Retinal swelling and retinal leakage

Vitrectomy is an advanced retina surgery performed for serious retinal disorders that cannot be managed with medications or laser procedures alone. During vitrectomy surgery, the vitreous gel inside the eye is carefully removed to allow precise retinal repair and treatment.

Advanced retina surgery is commonly recommended for retinal detachment, vitreous haemorrhage, macular holes, epiretinal membranes, and severe diabetic retinal disease.

Conditions Requiring Retina Surgery:

• Retinal detachment
• Vitreous hemorrhage
• Macular hole
• Epiretinal membrane
• Advanced diabetic retinopathy

Retinal detachment is a serious retinal emergency requiring urgent retina detachment treatment to prevent permanent blindness. Retina detachment surgery helps reposition the detached retina and restore retinal attachment using advanced vitreoretinal surgical techniques.

Depending on the severity of retinal detachment, treatment may involve vitrectomy, retinal laser treatment, scleral buckle surgery, or gas bubble retinal repair.

Symptoms That Require Immediate Retina Consultation:

• Sudden flashes of light
• Sudden increase in floaters
• Curtain-like shadow over vision

Uveitis treatment focuses on controlling inflammation inside the eye and preventing retinal complications caused by inflammatory eye disease. Depending on the type and severity of uvea disease, treatment may include steroid eye drops, oral medications, retinal injections, immunotherapy, or long-term inflammatory control.

Early treatment by a uveitis specialist is essential to prevent retinal swelling, retinal scarring, glaucoma, cataract formation, and permanent retinal damage.

Goals of Uveitis Treatment:

• Reduce eye inflammation
• Prevent retinal damage and retinal swelling
• Control pain and light sensitivity
• Preserve long-term retinal function

Corticosteroids are often the first line of treatment for uveitis and can be given in various forms, such as eye drops, pills, injections, or implants. While topical corticosteroids are effective for anterior uveitis, they may be less effective for other types of the condition. While Cycloplegics are used alongside corticosteroids to provide immediate relief for anterior uveitis by relaxing the eye muscles.

Many retinal disorders can be managed effectively with early diagnosis, preventive retina care, and regular retina screening. Patients with diabetes, high myopia, hypertension, autoimmune disorders, or a family history of retinal disease should undergo routine retinal evaluations to reduce the risk of severe retinal complications.

Tips to Maintain Healthy Retinal Vision:

• Schedule regular retina examinations
• Manage diabetes and blood sugar levels effectively
• Wear UV-protective sunglasses outdoors
• Maintain healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels
• Avoid smoking and tobacco exposure