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Cataract Surgery

What Is Cataract?
The human crystalline lens, which is clear and transparent, is part of the focusing mechanism of the eye. With the age, the lens becomes cloudy and opaque, thereby hampering normal vision. Any opacity in the crystalline lens which leads to decreased vision, is called “CATARACT or “SAFED MOTIA”
 
What causes Cataract?
Ageing is the most common cause. With age, proteins of the eye lens get altered and opacified leading to cataract. Other causes include congenital and developmental anomalies, trauma, inflammation of the eye, metabolic diseases like Diabetes, Hypothyroidism etc. The early cataractous lens bends light irregularly, so the images formed are blurred and unclear. When opaque, the cataract may cut off light nearly in total, causing blindness (reversible by surgery)
 
What are the common symptoms of Cataract?
Cataract makes simple tasks difficult and in some cases impossible to perform. This happens on account of:
  • Cloudy or Blurred vision
  • Changes in one's perception of colors
  • Sensitivity to bright lamps or sunlight
  • Poor night vision
  • Frequent changes in eye glasses prescription
 
What are the treatment options for Cataract?
Surgery is the only course of treatment for cataract. There are options available for cataract surgery:.
 
  • Conventional Cataract surgery or Extra Cataract Extraction (ECCE)
  • Requires a incision of 10 - 12 mm
  • The cloudy eye lens is removed in one piece
  • A hard plastic lens is implanted
  • Multiple Stitches are required
  • Final glass prescription could take even upto 10 weeks
 
  • Small incision cataract Surgery (SICS)
  • Requires a smaller incision of 5 mm
  • Cataract is removed manually and foldable intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted
  • No stitches
  • Heals fast
 
  • Micro incision Cataract surgery (PHACOEMULSIFICATION)
  • Requires a very small incision of about 2 mm
  • Cataract is emulsified into small pieces by an ultrasonic probe and a foldable IOL is implanted.
  • Walk-in ,Walk-out procedure
  • Stitch less, bloodless, painless surgery

What is the recommended treatment for Cataract?
With phacoemulsification and implantation of foldable intraocular lens (IOL), treatment of cataract has become very sophisticated yet simple. The procedure is safe, accurate and leads to rapid recovery. Thus, phacoemulsification with foldable lens implant is the most recommended treatment for cataract.
 
When to go for Cataract removal?
Cataract should be removed as soon as it begins to affect daily activities. With any of the mentioned symptoms setting in, it is the right time to go for cataract removal. DO NOT WAIT FOR THE CATARACT TO GET MATURE as unnecessary delay can lead to avoidable complications and a more difficult surgery. Cataract surgery can be undertaken successfully in any season. Summers or rainy season have absolutely no effect on the outcome of the cataract surgery.
 
When to go for Cataract removal?
  • Stitch less, painless, no bandage surgery.
  • Drops of local anesthetic agent used (for soft cataract) instead of an injection in the eye, thus leading to walk-in, walk-out procedure.
  • Minimum curvature changes occur in the cornea following surgery
  • Post surgery, the wound is very secure.
  • Early visual rehabilitation for the patient.
  • Final glasses may be prescribed within 2-3 weeks.
 
How soon after phaco surgery, will I be able to see?
 
In some cases, the patient is able to see almost immediately following the surgery, although most patients experience clear vision after one or two days. Will I need glasses after phaco surgery? You may need to wear glasses only to fine – tune your vision. These spectacles have normal lenses unlike thick lenses used in the past. If unifocal IOL is implanted, near vision glasses are almost always required.
 
Can a cataract grow back?
No. However, 10-50% of cases may develop a membranous opacity (posterior capsular opacification or after cataract) behind the lens causing a slow deterioration of vision. This can be easily removed by laser treatment as a simple outdoor procedure.
 
When one can plan for the other eye cataract surgery?
Usually both eye surgeries are not done together. If the recovery of first eye is good, the second eye can be operated even on the next day of first eye. It as per the comfort of the patient and the doctor..
 
What is the life of the IOLs?
Once the IOL is implanted in your eye, it is the part of your body for whole life. Even children with congenital cataracts are implanted the similar type of IOL.
 
Which IOL one should opt for during cataract surgery?
 
There are different types of lenses:
  • Monofocal IOL: With these IOL implants, the patient has good distant vision but will need reading glasses for near work. These can be with regular or aspheric surface. The aspheric design IOL provides better contrast and improved quality of night vision.
  • Multifocal IOL: These premium IOLs   are designed to give good distant, intermediate and near vision. They are designed with multiple concentric rings or other unique in-built features that allow objects at varying distances to be brought into focus. These lenses reduce the patient's dependence on glasses for routine activities
  • Toric Lenses: These have cylindrical power incorporated in the lens and can correct the astigmatism (cylindrical power) upto 6 diopters in glasses.
  • Accommodative Lenses: Crystalens, the only FDA approved accommodative lens is now available in India. This latest technology allows the lens to move back and forth, allowing it to bring into focus objects at varying distances (near, intermediate and far). This lens remains free from the side effects of glares, halos and ghost images which may sometimes be reported with multifocal IOLS.
 
A detailed discussion with your doctor will help you decide which lens best fits your needs..